AMD Server Vulnerabilities – August 2025
Summary
Potential vulnerabilities in AMD EPYC™ Processor platforms that affect IOMMU, AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization – Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) and other platform components, were found during audits performed internally and by third parties.
Mitigations have been provided in AMD EPYC™ Platform Initialization (PI) firmware packages.
Please refer to your OEM for the BIOS update specific to your product.
CVE Details
Refer to Glossary for explanation of terms
CVE |
CVE Description |
CVSS Score |
CVE-2023-31351 |
Improper restriction of operations in the IOMMU could allow a malicious hypervisor to access guest private memory, resulting in loss of integrity. |
5.3 (Medium) CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N 6.8 (Medium) CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N |
CVE-2025-0032 |
Improper cleanup in AMD CPU microcode patch loading could allow an attacker with local administrator privilege to load malicious CPU microcode, potentially resulting in loss of integrity of x86 instruction execution. |
7.2 (High) CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N 7.0 (High) CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N |
CVE-2024-36354 |
Improper input validation for DIMM serial presence detect (SPD) metadata could allow an attacker with physical access, ring0 access on a system with a non-compliant DIMM, or control over the Root of Trust for BIOS update, to bypass SMM isolation potentially resulting in arbitrary code execution at the SMM level. |
7.5 (High) CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H 7.2 (High) CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N |
CVE-2024-21965 |
Improper Access Control in the IOMMU could allow an attacker to modify SNP configuration settings, potentially allowing writing to protected guest memory, resulting in loss of integrity. |
5.3 (Medium) CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N 6.8 (Medium) CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N |
CVE-2024-36331 |
Improper management of cache coherency by the CPU could allow a privileged attacker with hypervisor access to overwrite SEV-SNP guest memory, resulting in loss of data integrity. |
3.2 (Low) CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N 4.6 Medium CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N |
CVE-2024-21977 |
Incomplete cleanup after loading a CPU microcode patch may allow a privileged attacker to degrade the entropy of the RDRAND instruction, potentially resulting in loss of integrity for SEV-SNP guests. |
3.2 (Low) 4.6 Medium CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N |
Affected Products and Mitigation
AMD recommends updating to the Platform Initialization (PI) firmware version indicated below (note the PI firmware versions were released by AMD to the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) on the dates listed below). Please contact your OEM for the BIOS update specific to your product(s).
AMD EPYC™ Series Processors
Program |
Former Code Name |
CVE |
Mitigation |
Date Fix Released |
AMD EPYC™ 4004 Series Processors |
"Raphael" |
CVE-2024-36354 |
ComboAM5PI_1.2.0.2a |
2024-10-05 |
AMD EPYC™ 7001 Series Processors |
"Naples" |
CVE-2024-36354 |
NaplesPI 1.0.0.Q |
2025-02-20 |
AMD EPYC™ 7002 Series Processors |
"Rome" |
CVE-2024-36354 |
RomePI 1.0.0.M |
2025-02-26 |
AMD EPYC™ 7003 Series Processors |
"Milan"/ "Milan-X" |
CVE-2023-31351 |
MilanPI 1.0.0.C |
2023-12-18 |
CVE-2024-21977 |
MilanPI 1.0.0.D |
2024-07-11 |
||
CVE-2024-36354 |
MilanPI 1.0.0.D |
2024-07-11 |
||
AMD EPYC™ 8004 Series Processors |
"Siena" |
CVE-2023-31351 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.C |
2024-04-05 |
CVE-2024-21965 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.C |
2024-04-05 |
||
CVE-2024-21977 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.C |
2024-04-05 |
||
CVE-2024-36354 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.D |
2024-08-20 |
||
AMD EPYC™ 9004 Series Processors |
"Genoa"/ "Genoa-X" |
CVE-2023-31351 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.C |
2024-04-04 |
CVE-2024-21965 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.C |
2024-04-05 |
||
CVE-2024-21977 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.C |
2024-04-05 |
||
CVE-2024-36331 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.F |
2025-03-28 |
||
CVE-2024-36354 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.D |
2024-08-20 |
||
AMD EPYC™ 9004 Series Processors |
"Bergamo"/ "Siena" |
CVE-2024-36331 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.F |
2025-03-28 |
CVE-2024-36354 |
GenoaPI 1.0.0.D |
2024-08-20 |
||
AMD EPYC™ 9005 Series Processors |
"Turin" |
CVE-2025-0032 |
TurinPI 1.0.0.4 |
2025-03-04 |
AMD EPYC™ 9V64H Processor |
Not Affected by this Security Notice |
|||
SEV Table
CVE ID |
SEV |
SEV-ES |
SEV-SNP |
CVE-2024-36354 |
N |
N |
N |
CVE-2023-31351 |
N |
N |
Y |
CVE-2024-21977 |
N |
N |
Y |
CVE-2024-21965 |
N |
N |
Y |
CVE-2024-36331 |
N |
N |
Y |
CVE-2025-0032 |
N |
N |
N |
Acknowledgement
AMD thanks the following for subsequently reporting CVE-2024-36354 and engaging in coordinated vulnerability disclosure:
Jesse De Meulemeester (COSIC, KU Leuven)
Luca Wilke (University of Lubeck)
Lukas Gerlach (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security)
David Oswald (University of Birmingham)
Jo Van Bulck (DistriNet, KU Leuven)
Internally found:
CVE-2023-31351, CVE-2024-21965, CVE-2024-21977, CVE-2024-36331, CVE-2024-36354, CVE-2025-0032
Revisions
| Revision Date | Description |
| 2025-08-12 | Initial publication |
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