AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) Vulnerabilities

Summary

Potential vulnerabilities in AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization affecting AMD EPYC™ and AMD EPYC™ Embedded Processor platforms were found internally.  AMD has provided mitigations for these issues.

CVE Details

Refer to Glossary for explanation of terms 

CVE CVE Description CVSS Base Score

CVE-2025-0027

Improper access control in AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow a malicious hypervisor to bypass Reverse Map Table (RMP) protections, potentially impacting the integrity of Secure Encrypted Virtualization-Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) guest memory.

5.9
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-284: Improper Access Control

CVE-2025-29940

Unverified ownership in Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow a privileged attacker with access to a malicious hypervisor to overwrite guest memory if segmented Reverse Map Table (RMP) is enabled potentially resulting in loss of guest data integrity.

5.9
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-283: Unverified Ownership

CVE-2025-52535

Improper resource reuse in the AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow an attacker with hypervisor access to write to the Reverse Map Table (RMP) protected memory, potentially resulting in loss of guest memory integrity.

5.9
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-672: Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release

CVE-2025-54503

Improper handling of overlap between protected memory ranges in the Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow a privileged attacker to cause misconfigurations in the RMP potentially resulting in loss of integrity.

5.9
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-1260: Improper Handling of Overlap Between Protected Memory Ranges

CVE-2025-54504

Insufficient Granularity of Access Control in AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow an attacker with administrative privileges attacker to write to a trusted region used by AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization-Encrypted State (SEV-ES), potentially resulting in loss of integrity.

5.9
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-1220: Insufficient Granularity of Access Control

CVE-2025-62620

Improper validation of unsafe equivalence in input could allow an attacker with high privileges to reclaim the ring buffer queue status page, potentially resulting in loss of guest memory integrity.

5.9
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-289: Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in Input

CVE-2025-62621

Expected behavior violation in AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow a malicious hypervisor to bypass Reverse Map Table (RMP) protections, potentially resulting in a loss of Secure Encrypted Virtualization-Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) guest memory integrity.

5.9
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-440: Expected Behavior Violation

CVE-2025-52537

Improper access control within the AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow an attacker with administrative privileges to tamper with memory, potentially resulting in loss of guest memory integrity.

4.0
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resources with Improper Synchronization ("Race_Condition")

CVE-2025-54506

A time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the AMD SEV Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow an attacker with administrative privileges to bypass security checks on scatter lists, potentially resulting in loss of guest integrity.

4.0
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

CVE-2025-54508

Improper validation of Reverse Map Table (RMP) entries in the Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) firmware could allow a privileged attacker to trigger concurrent modifications to RMP entries without proper synchronization potentially resulting in loss of data integrity.

4.0
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
CWE-179: Incorrect Behavior Order: Early Validation

Specific CVSS scores may change subject to your implementation. We encourage you to calculate CVSS scores independently for your system.

Affected Products and Mitigation

AMD recommends updating to the Platform Initialization (PI) firmware version indicated below (note the PI firmware versions were released by AMD to the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) on the dates listed below). Please contact your OEM for the BIOS update specific to your product(s).

*Note: Products believed to not be affected by the listed CVEs are not included.

AMD EPYC™ Series Processors

Product

CVE ID

Platform Initialization (PI) Mitigation

PI Release Date

SEV FW Mitigation

(included in PI)

OS Update

Mitigation Bit

TCB Values for SNP Attestation

AMD EPYC™ 7003 Series Processors

CVE-2025-0027

MilanPI-SP3_1.0.0.K

2026-05-07

1.3A.02

Yes

VMWare + Windows

Mitigation Bit=3

TCB[SNP]=0x1E

CVE-2025-52535

MilanPI-SP3_1.0.0.K

2026-05-07

1.3A.02

N/A

N/A

TCB[SNP]=0x1E

CVE-2025-62620

MilanPI-SP3_1.0.0.K

2026-05-07

1.3A.02

N/A

Mitigation Bit=7

TCB[SNP]=0x1E

AMD EPYC™ 8004 Series Processors

CVE-2025-0027

GenoaPI_1.0.0.J

2026-06-26

1.3A.03

Yes

VMWare + Windows

mitigation bit=3

TCB[SNP]=0x1D

CVE-2025-52535

GenoaPI_1.0.0.J

2026-06-26

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

CVE-2025-62620

GenoaPI_1.0.0.J

2026-06-26

1.3A.03

N/A

Mitigation Bit=5

TCB[SNP]=0x1D

AMD EPYC™ 9004 Series Processors

CVE-2025-0027

GenoaPI_1.0.0.J

2026-06-26

1.3A.03

Yes

VMWare + Windows

Mitigation Bit=3

TCB[SNP]=0x1D

CVE-2025-52535

GenoaPI_1.0.0.J

2026-06-26

1.3A.03

N/A

N/A

TCB[SNP]=0x1D

CVE-2025-62620

GenoaPI_1.0.0.J

2026-06-26

1.3A.03

N/A

Mitigation Bit=5

TCB[SNP]=0x1D

AMD EPYC™ 9005 Series Processors

CVE-2025-0027

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.05

Yes

VMWare + Windows

Mitigation Bit=3

TCB[SNP]=0x6

CVE-2025-29940

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.04

N/A

Mitigation Bit=6

TCB[SNP]=0x6

CVE-2025-52535

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.06

N/A

N/A

TCB[SNP]=0x6

CVE-2025-52537

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.06

N/A

N/A

TCB[SNP]=0x6

CVE-2025-54503

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.04

N/A

Mitigation Bit=7

TCB[SNP]=0x6

CVE-2025-54504

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.06

N/A

N/A

TCB[SNP]=0x6

CVE-2025-54506

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.06

N/A

N/A

TCB[SNP]=0x6

CVE-2025-54508

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.04

N/A

Mitigation Bit=10

TCB[SNP]=0x6

CVE-2025-62620

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.04

N/A

Mitigation Bit=11

TCB[SNP]=0x6

CVE-2025-62621

TurinPI_1.0.0.A

2026-02-24

1.3A.04

N/A

Mitigation Bit=8

TCB[SNP]=0x6

SEV Table

CVE ID

SEV

SEV-ES

SEV-SNP

CVE-2025-0027

N

N

Y

CVE-2025-29940

N

N

Y

CVE-2025-52535

N

N

Y

CVE-2025-54503

N

N

Y

CVE-2025-54504

N

N

Y

CVE-2025-62620

N

N

Y

CVE-2025-62621

N

N

Y

CVE-2025-52537

N

N

Y

CVE-2025-54506

N

N

Y

CVE-2025-54508

N

N

Y

AMD EPYC™ Embedded Series Processors

Product

CVE ID

Mitigation

Mitigation Release Date

AMD EPYC™ Embedded 7003 Series Processors

CVE-2025-0027

EmbMilanPI-SP3 1.0.0.E

2026-07-01

CVE-2025-52535

EmbMilanPI-SP3 1.0.0.E

2026-07-01

CVE-2025-62620

EmbMilanPI-SP3 1.0.0.E

2026-07-01

AMD EPYC™ Embedded 8004 Series Processors

CVE-2025-0027

EmbeddedGenoaPI_1.0.0.E

2026-08-21

CVE-2025-52535

EmbeddedGenoaPI_1.0.0.E

2026-08-21

CVE-2025-62620

EmbeddedGenoaPI_1.0.0.E

2026-08-21

AMD EPYC™ Embedded 9004 Series Processors (formerly codenamed "Bergamo")

CVE-2025-0027

EmbeddedGenoaPI_1.0.0.E

2026-08-21

CVE-2025-52535

EmbeddedGenoaPI_1.0.0.E

2026-08-21

CVE-2025-62620

EmbeddedGenoaPI_1.0.0.E

2026-08-21

AMD EPYC™ Embedded 9004 Series Processors (formerly codenamed "Genoa")

CVE-2025-0027

EmbeddedGenoaPI_1.0.0.E

2026-08-21

CVE-2025-52535

EmbeddedGenoaPI_1.0.0.E

2026-08-21

CVE-2025-62620

EmbeddedGenoaPI_1.0.0.E

2026-08-21

AMD EPYC™ Embedded 9005 Series Processors

CVE-2025-0027

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

CVE-2025-29940

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

CVE-2025-52535

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

CVE-2025-52537

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

CVE-2025-54503

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

CVE-2025-54504

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

CVE-2025-54506

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

CVE-2025-54508

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

CVE-2025-62620

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

CVE-2025-62621

EmbeddedTurinPI_SP5_1004

2026-04-13

Acknowledgement 

AMD thanks the following for reporting and engaging in coordinated vulnerability disclosure:

  • Internally reported: CVE-2025-0027, CVE-2025-29940, CVE-2025-52535, CVE-2025-52537, CVE-2025-54503, CVE-2025-54504, CVE-2025-54506, CVE-2025-54508, CVE-2025-62620, CVE-2025-62621

Revisions

Revision Date Description
2026-11-10 Initial version

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